The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.